Dotty 模块使用指南
目录
1. 基础用法
1.1 创建 Dotty 实例
python
from FQBase.Foundation import dotty
d = dotty() # 空字典
data = {'user': {'name': '张三', 'age': 30}}
d = dotty(data)1.2 点号访问
python
data = {'user': {'profile': {'name': '张三'}}}
d = dotty(data)
name = d['user.profile.name']
print(name) # '张三'1.3 属性访问
python
d = dotty({'user': {'name': '张三'}})
print(d.user) # {'name': '张三'}
print(d.user.name) # '张三'1.4 赋值
python
d = dotty({'user': {'name': '张三'}})
d['user.name'] = '李四'
print(d['user.name']) # '李四'
print(data['user']['name']) # '李四' (原字典也被修改)2. 深层嵌套访问
2.1 多层嵌套
python
data = {
'company': {
'department': {
'team': {
'member': {
'name': '张三'
}
}
}
}
}
d = dotty(data)
name = d['company.department.team.member.name']
print(name) # '张三'2.2 自动创建路径
python
d = dotty({})
d['a.b.c.d.e'] = 'deep value'
print(d['a.b.c.d.e']) # 'deep value'2.3 混合类型
python
data = {
'settings': {
'theme': 'dark',
'notifications': {
'email': True,
'sms': False
}
}
}
d = dotty(data)
print(d['settings.notifications.email']) # True3. 列表操作
3.1 列表索引
python
data = {
'users': [
{'name': '张三', 'age': 30},
{'name': '李四', 'age': 25},
{'name': '王五', 'age': 35}
]
}
d = dotty(data)
print(d['users.0.name']) # '张三'
print(d['users.1.name']) # '李四'
print(d['users.2.name']) # '王五'3.2 嵌套列表
python
data = {
'companies': [
{
'name': 'A公司',
'employees': [
{'name': '张三'},
{'name': '李四'}
]
}
]
}
d = dotty(data)
print(d['companies.0.employees.0.name']) # '张三'3.3 切片访问
python
data = {'prices': [100, 200, 300, 400, 500]}
d = dotty(data)
print(d['prices.0:3']) # [100, 200, 300]
print(d['prices.1:4']) # [200, 300, 400]
print(d['prices.3:']) # [400, 500]
print(d['prices.:2']) # [100, 200]3.4 列表自动扩展
python
d = dotty({'items': []})
d['items.0'] = 'first'
d['items.1'] = 'second'
d['items.2'] = 'third'
print(d['items']) # ['first', 'second', 'third']4. 数据修改
4.1 修改现有值
python
data = {'user': {'name': '张三', 'age': 30}}
d = dotty(data)
d['user.age'] = 31
print(d['user.age']) # 314.2 添加新键
python
data = {'user': {'name': '张三'}}
d = dotty(data)
d['user.email'] = 'zhang@example.com'
print(d['user.email']) # 'zhang@example.com'4.3 创建嵌套结构
python
d = dotty({})
d['config.database.host'] = 'localhost'
d['config.database.port'] = 3306
d['config.cache.host'] = 'redis.example.com'
print(d['config'])
# {'database': {'host': 'localhost', 'port': 3306}, 'cache': {'host': 'redis.example.com'}}4.4 删除键
python
data = {'user': {'name': '张三', 'age': 30, 'email': 'zhang@example.com'}}
d = dotty(data)
del d['user.email']
print(d['user']) # {'name': '张三', 'age': 30}5. 安全访问
5.1 get 方法
python
data = {'user': {'name': '张三'}}
d = dotty(data)
print(d.get('user.name')) # '张三'
print(d.get('user.age', 30)) # 30 (默认值)
print(d.get('user.none', 'N/A')) # 'N/A'5.2 不存在的键
python
data = {'user': {'name': '张三'}}
d = dotty(data)
try:
print(d['user.age'])
except KeyError:
print("键不存在")
print(d.get('user.age')) # None5.3 setdefault 方法
python
data = {'user': {'name': '张三'}}
d = dotty(data)
d.setdefault('user.profile', {'bio': 'Hello'})
print(d['user.profile']) # {'bio': 'Hello'}
d.setdefault('user.name', 'default') # 已存在，返回现有值
print(d['user.name']) # '张三'6. 配置数据处理
6.1 应用配置
python
config = {
'app': {
'name': 'FQuant',
'version': '1.0.0',
'debug': False
},
'database': {
'host': 'localhost',
'port': 3306,
'credentials': {
'username': 'admin',
'password': 'secret'
}
},
'logging': {
'level': 'INFO',
'handlers': {
'file': {'path': '/var/log/app.log'},
'console': {'enabled': True}
}
}
}
d = dotty(config)
print(d['app.name']) # 'FQuant'
print(d['database.credentials.username']) # 'admin'
print(d['logging.handlers.file.path']) # '/var/log/app.log'6.2 修改配置
python
d['app.debug'] = True
d['database.port'] = 5432
print(config['app']['debug']) # True (原字典也被修改)7. API 响应处理
7.1 解析 JSON 响应
python
import json
from FQBase.Foundation import dotty
api_response = '''
{
"status": "success",
"data": {
"users": [
{"id": 1, "name": "张三", "profile": {"email": "zhang@example.com"}},
{"id": 2, "name": "李四", "profile": {"email": "li@example.com"}}
]
}
}
'''
response = json.loads(api_response)
d = dotty(response)
print(d['status']) # 'success'
print(d['data.users.0.name']) # '张三'
print(d['data.users.0.profile.email']) # 'zhang@example.com'7.2 提取嵌套数据
python
users = [
{
'id': 1,
'name': '张三',
'addresses': [
{'city': '北京', 'zip': '100000'},
{'city': '上海', 'zip': '200000'}
]
}
]
d = dotty({'users': users})
for i in range(len(users)):
name = d[f'users.{i}.name']
primary_city = d[f'users.{i}.addresses.0.city']
print(f"{name}: {primary_city}")8. 高级用法
8.1 自定义分隔符
python
data = {'a': {'b': {'c': 1}}}
d = dotty(data, separator='/')
print(d['a/b/c']) # 18.2 转义字符
python
data = {'a.b': {'c': 1}}
d = dotty(data, separator='.')
print(d['a\.b.c']) # 18.3 禁用列表索引转换
python
data = {'items': {0: 'zero', 1: 'one'}}
d = dotty(data, no_list=True)
print(d['items.0']) # 'zero' (字符串键)
print(d['items[0]']) # 需要用方括号8.4 复制 Dotty
python
data = {'user': {'name': '张三'}}
d1 = dotty(data)
d2 = d1.copy()
d2['user.name'] = '李四'
print(d1['user.name']) # '张三' (原实例不受影响)
print(d2['user.name']) # '李四'8.5 转换为 JSON
python
import json
from FQBase.Foundation import dotty, DottyEncoder
data = {'user': {'name': '张三'}}
d = dotty(data)
json_str = d.to_json()
print(json_str) # '{"user": {"name": "张三"}}'
result = json.loads(json_str)
print(result) # {'user': {'name': '张三'}}8.6 在 JSON 序列化中使用
python
import json
from FQBase.Foundation import dotty, DottyEncoder
data = {'config': dotty({'a': {'b': 1}})}
json_str = json.dumps(data, cls=DottyEncoder)
print(json_str) # '{"config": {"a": {"b": 1}}}'